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Wednesday 2 December 2015

MIGRAINES: Causes, Treatment and Prevention

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Migraine

Migraines are a type of recurring severe headache that can cause you to have time off work and need to rest in bed. They are often accompanied by feeling sick, vomiting or an increased sensitivity to light.

Women are roughly three times more likely to get migraines than men. About four in every 20 women get migraines, while only about one in every 20 men do. You can get migraines for the first time at any age, but they commonly start during the teenage years.



There are a number of different types of migraine. The most common types are:

    migraine with aura (classic migraine)
    migraine without aura (common migraine)

Aura is a term used to describe the visual or sensory symptoms that some people get when their migraine is starting. The following are less common types of migraine.

  •     Retinal migraines are headaches associated with visual changes in one eye only.
  •     Abdominal migraines are associated with stomach pains, and happen more often in children.
  •     Menstrual migraines can happen in women two days before their period starts or finishes.
  •     Status migrainosus are migraines that can last for a few weeks.

Migraine is a medical condition that can have a big effect on your life and others caring for you. It can affect your daily life and can mean taking time off work or school.

Symptoms of migraine
Most people with a migraine get a moderate to severe headache, which can last for anything between four hours and three days. The headache can occur on one or both sides of your head and is a throbbing, pulsating or banging pain. Activity usually makes the pain worse, for example walking or climbing stairs. You may also feel sick or vomit during a migraine, and you may find you’re more sensitive to light and noise.

You might get aura symptoms that affect your vision or other senses. For example, you may temporarily see flickering lights, spots or lines, or you may lose areas of your vision. You may also get pins and needles, or conversely, may get numbness. Some people also have disturbed speech.

Some people have migraines once a year or less, whereas other people have them as often as several times a week.

One of the things that make a migraine different from other types of headache is that it has clear stages. Most people will have the following stages, although not all have an aura stage.

    Premonitory stage. You may feel tired, crave sweet foods, have mood changes, feel thirsty or have a stiff neck. These feelings can last up to 24 hours.
    Aura stage. About one in three people have aura symptoms (visual or sensory changes). These may last from a few minutes up to an hour.
    Main attack stage. This is when you will have a headache and other symptoms such as nausea. This stage can last anywhere from four hours up to three days.
    Resolution and recovery stage. This is when the migraine fades. This usually happens slowly, although a migraine can sometimes stop suddenly, if you vomit for example.

Most people don’t need to see their GP when they get a migraine. However, you should see your GP if:

  •     your migraines become more frequent or get worse over time
  •     you’re over 50 and you have never had a migraine before
  •     you have a child under the age of 10 that develops a migraine
  •     you get migraines with aura and are taking the combined oral contraceptive pill
  •     you get a headache when your posture changes
  •     you have had cancer or have HIV and are getting new headaches

You should get immediate medical advice if:

    you have a sudden and very severe headache
    you get aura symptoms that last for more than an hour or make it harder to move

Complications Of Migraine
Chronic migraine is when you get headaches on more than 15 days a month for at least three months. And on eight of these days you have a migraine. Chronic migraines can have a big effect on your life. If you have chronic migraine, you may feel the need to take increasing amounts of medicine to help control your symptoms. However, be careful, because over time this can lead to further headaches, called medication-overuse headaches. Your GP can provide advice on how to tackle this.

Causes of Migraine

Things that cause a migraine to start are known as triggers. But,for many people a migraine starts without a clear trigger.

Triggers might include:

  •     stress, or relaxing after a stressful period
  •     changes in sleep patterns (too much or too little sleep) or jetlag
  •     changes to meal times or missed meals
  •     certain foods or drinks – for example alcoholic drinks or some cheeses
  •     loud noises or bright lights
  •     strenuous exercise if you’re not used to it
  •     periods (menstruation)

You may find it useful to keep a diary to spot the triggers that cause your migraines or make them worse. Some things that can make you more likely to get a migraine are:

  •     stress
  •     depression and anxiety
  •     periods (menstruation)
  •     menopause
  •     head or neck trauma

Using medication for headaches too often can also lead to medication-overuse migraines. Women may also get migraines as a result of taking combined oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
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